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From www.042portal.blogspot.com

1a)

E-commerce ( electronic

commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of

goods and services, or the transmitting of

funds or data, over an electronic network,

primarily the internet.

1b)

Advantages

-The biggest advantage of

privatization is that once a

privatization is done completely

there is no interference from

political leaders and also one does

not need to do undue favor to them

which in itself is a big boost when it

comes to doing business and

increasing profitability.

-It increases the overall efficiency

and reduces the bureaucratic

culture which is the main culprit

because typically in government

organizations work happens at its

own leisurely pace which results in

delay in decision making and

therefore reduces the effectiveness

and competence of public sector

enterprise.

-As far government is concerned it

has also benefits from doing

privatization because majority of

governments all over the world has

fiscal deficit and by doing

privatization government can reduce

fiscal deficit to an extent, however

full control is possible only when

government control its unnecessary

expenditures.

Disadvantages 

-Private companies do not care

about the society and their main

motive is to earn profits, which is

with contrast to government

companies which keeps doing social

work and therefore if privatization

happens it will result in fewer funds

for society because private

companies have no obligation to do

social work.

-Privatization also affects the

employees because in private sector

enterprises there is emphasis on

performance which indirectly results

in work pressure and meeting

deadlines or targets and individuals

who have been doing work for years

without much pressure find it

difficult to adjust to new setting and

many end up resigning from their

service.

- In privatization there is a risk that it

may take decisions of starting a

project which results in short term

benefits but may not good for long

term.

2a)

Communication is simply the act of

transferring information from one place to

another.

2b)

i) Postal Services

ii) Telegraph Services 

iii) Courier Services:

iv) Telecommunications

v) Internet Service

vi) Radio and Television

3iii)A chain store is a group of similar retail shops

that sell the same type of goods. All these shops or

branches are under the control of the head office.

Branches are opened in different parts of the city

or even in different parts of the country.

Chain stores specialize in a particular product.

The same product is offered in different varieties

and in different models.

4a)

-They help to make goods available  to their members when they cannot buy their own.

-cooperative society encourages their members to save.this is because they make contribution.

-cooperative society helps it members financially.

-they also provide education and social welfare benefits to it's members.

-they are also encourage hard working among their members.

6a

the activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services.

6b

(i) Adds to Costs:
An organisation has to spend large amount on advertising. It increases the cost of the products. To meet this expenditure, price of the product is raised. No manufacturer pays for the advertising expenses out of his pocket. Advertising, therefore, leads to unnecessary rise in prices. In this reference it is said that advertising costs are passed on to the consumers in the form of high prices.
(ii) Undermines Social Values:
Advertisement is a sort of day-dreaming for the people. These days it is taking the people away from reality and into the realm of artificiality. Through its medium people get information about new products.
(iii) Confuses the Buyers:
Many a time distorted version of reality is shown in the advertising. Believing in advertising, consumers buy the product. On its use, they feel cheated.
(iv) Encourages Sale of Inferior Products:
Every manufacturer projects his product as superior one in the advertisement. Therefore, the buyer is unable to decide as to which product is really good.
Consequently, it is difficult to get good quality product even after paying a handsome price for it. If a seller gets good price for some inferior product, it becomes a habit with him. It affects other sellers also. Therefore, it is said that advertisement encourages the sale of inferior products.

6c

i. Identify Your Audience
You cannot win your audience until you properly identify who they are. You may have a product or service that you believe will appeal to one segment of the consumer market, only to realize later that another segment prefers it better.
ii. Social Media Contests
Another thing people can’t resist is a contest, because there’s a chance they can win something. Ask contestants to submit a photo or video, or an idea that others can vote on.

iii. Matchless Personality
Millions of Internet memes pay homage to the Most Interesting Man in the World, the spokesperson for Dos Equis beer

iv. Free Stuff
Nobody will pass up a freebie. Nobody. Put your brand name on anything from Kleenex to Frisbees to Hula Hoops to Band-Aids. See what I did there?

V.Referral Programs
Users will gladly spread word of your product or service when they know they’ll get an added perk. Dropbox is a great example of how smart referral programs can growth hacka business.

7 a )

standing order is an instruction to a bank by an account holder to make regular fixed payments to a particular person or organization .

7 b )

bank draft is a payment on behalf of a payer that is guaranteed by the issuing bank . A draft ensures the payee a secure form of payment .

7 c )

Legal tender is a medium of payment recognized by a legal system to be

valid for meeting a financial obligation .

7 d )

Money orders are a secure payment

method . They are convenient , affordable,

and widely accepted . Money orders are a

good way to send cash that never

expires .

7 e )

I . O . U is usually an informal document acknowledging debt . An IOU differs from a promissory note in that an IOU is not a negotiable instrument and does not specify repayment terms

such as the time of repayment.

8. (C. O. D)  Cash on delivery

(C. I. F)  Cost, insurance and freight

(F. O. B)  FREE ON BOARD