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THEORY
SECTION A( ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS)
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(3a)
A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.

(3bi)
To contest elections:
In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways.

(ii)
Forming policies and programmes: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society

(iii)
Making laws:
When parties come to power, they make laws for the country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions of party leaders, irrespective of their personal opinions.

(iv)
Parties form and run governments:
Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.

(v)
Role of opposition:
Parties that lose in elections, play the role of opposition to the parties in power by criticising the government for its failures or wrong policies.
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(4a)
A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses.

(4b)
Differences
(i)
One chamber or house changing and implementing the law is called unicameral legislature. There are two chambers or houses are present to amend and implement the law.

(ii)
In the unicameral system, quick decisions and more accountability is possible whereas the accountability and the decision making processes are difficult and time consuming.

(iii)
The number of members in the unicameral is usually less than the members of the bicameral system resulting in less expense in the unicameral.

(iv)
The powers of the unicameral members are enough for making rude decisions and passing the law which is not feasible for the general public. The powers of the upper hand are controlled by the other hand and thus, the chances of bad decision making are less in the bicameral system.

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(6)
i)Military intervention could be prevent with the elimination or reduction in the level of corruption. Corruption is injustice and it eventually results in social upheavals which had often attracted the military into Government

(ii)It can also be prevented through efficiency and probity, honesty and transparency in the conduct of administration

(iii)Necessary atmosphere should be created for the conduct of free and fair elections

(iv)Military intervention should be outlawed by the Constitution.

(V)The people should always resist military interventions through the organization of peaceful mass disobedience.

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SECTION B( ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS)
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(7i)
Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament;

(ii)
Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it;

(iii)
Discuss, with the same exception, and make recommendations on any questions within the scope of the Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations;

(iv)
Initiate studies and make recommendations to promote international political cooperation, the development and codification of international law, the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and international collaboration in the economic, social, humanitarian, cultural, educational and health fields;

(v)
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